The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 was enacted July 30, 2002, to protect investors by improving the accuracy and reliability of corporate disclosures made in conformity with securities laws. It instituted new or enhanced directives for all U.S. public companies and public accounting firms, particularly new standards for corporate accountability and penalties for acts of wrongdoing.

The act, which does not apply to privately held companies, was passed in response to corporate and accounting scandals like Enron and WorldCom. It is named after sponsors Sen. Paul Sarbanes (D-Md.) and URep. Michael G. Oxley (R-Ohio).

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No Sarbanes-Oxley reprieve for mid-size companies

Nonaccelerated filers breathed a huge sigh of relief when Dodd-Frank was passed, as the bill contained a provision that exempted them completely from the controversial Section 404(b) of the

Audit executives stand by Sarbox

We're seeing some major efforts in Congress right now to roll back previously enacted reform efforts, like credit and debit card reform measures, the Dodd-Frank Act, the Patriot Act and the Obama

Are banks liable for Sarbanes-Oxley sign-off lapses?

With the release of a trove of material by the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, Citigroup's CEO Vikram Pandit and then CFO Gary Critteneden have come under renewed criticism for their decision to

How to use Sarbox to get what you want

Even now, nearly 10 years after it was passed into law, Sarbanes-Oxley continues to dominate the compliance scene. Dodd-Frank, while no less of a watershed, may prove to be no match for Sarbox in

More GRC vendors target small companies

The GRC industry in many ways was built on large company deployments. The big firms faced the most regulatory risk and were the prime opportunities early on. But medium- and small-size companies face

The war on Dodd-Frank heats up

Recall that when Sarbanes-Oxley passed, it immediately became a target. People were hell-bent on getting it repealed. Over the years, the anti-Sarbox crowd kept pounding the drum, and succeeded in

A Golden Era of ... clawbacks?

Have clawbacks--as embodied by Section 304 of Sarbanes-Oxley and the new Dodd-Frank legislation--come of age as an accepted tool for fighting fraud? There seems to be something of a mindset shift

SEC aims to reassure on Dodd-Frank whistleblower provisions

Should you be really scared about the new Dodd-Frank whistleblower provisions? Recall that employees who provide the SEC with original information that leads to a successful enforcement action will

The future of GRC is bright

We noted not too long ago that the ever-morphing governance, risk and compliance ( GRC ) software market was being attacked by vendors from across a very interesting spectrum. Security companies found

A Sarbanes-Oxley approach to the foreclosure crisis?

Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley has gotten a lot of media ink over the years, as it struck many as a simple way to get companies to commit to financial statement transparency. By forcing the CEO and